When Dogs Eat the Wrong Things: Coping with Canine Pica

Published on April 14 by Julia

Have you ever caught your dog chewing or swallowing rocks, socks, dirt, or other non-food items? While it might seem like quirky behavior, it could be a sign of a condition called pica. Pica is more than just a bad habit—it can be harmful and may point to underlying medical or behavioral issues.

In this article, we’ll break down what pica is, what causes it, and how to help your dog overcome it.

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What is Pica?

Pica is a behavioral condition where dogs repeatedly eat non-food items. This goes beyond the occasional chew—it’s a compulsive habit of ingesting things that shouldn’t be consumed.

Common non-food items dogs with pica might eat include:

• Rocks or gravel
• Dirt or sand
• Plastic
• Cloth (e.g. socks, towels)
• Paper or cardboard
• String or yarn
• Wood or sticks
• Metal objects

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Causes of Pica in Dogs

Pica can be caused by either medical or behavioral factors.

Medical Causes:

• Nutritional deficiencies (iron, minerals)
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Diabetes or thyroid issues
• Parasites
• Liver disease
• Anemia

Behavioral Causes:

• Boredom or lack of stimulation
• Stress or anxiety
• Attention-seeking behavior
• Past trauma or neglect
• Obsessive-compulsive tendencies

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Signs and Symptoms of Pica

Aside from catching your dog in the act, look for these warning signs:

• Frequent vomiting or diarrhea
• Lethargy or loss of appetite
• Constipation or signs of intestinal blockage
• Dental damage
• Signs of pain in the abdomen

If your dog shows any of these symptoms, it’s time to consult a veterinarian.

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Diagnosing Pica

A vet will likely start with a physical exam, blood work, and perhaps imaging (X-rays or ultrasound) to rule out medical causes. If no physical illness is found, the issue may be behavioral, and a referral to a behaviorist may follow.

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How to Treat Pica in Dogs

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Here’s a breakdown of possible approaches:

1. Medical Treatment

• Correct any deficiencies (e.g., adding supplements to the diet)
• Treat underlying health conditions (thyroid disease, parasites, etc.)
• Prescription diets for digestive issues

2. Behavioral Modification

• Enrichment and exercise: Mental and physical stimulation reduce boredom
• Interactive toys and puzzles to keep their minds busy
• Training: Redirect the behavior with commands like "leave it" or "drop it"
• Supervision: Keep tempting objects out of reach

3. Addressing Anxiety or OCD

• Desensitization training for stress triggers
• Calming tools like pheromone diffusers, anxiety wraps, or music
• In severe cases, anti-anxiety medication may be prescribed

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When to Call the Vet

You should consult your vet immediately if:

• Your dog has eaten something dangerous (e.g., metal, toxic substances)
• They show signs of blockage, vomiting, or unusual behavior
• The habit becomes frequent or compulsive

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Preventing Pica

• Dog-proof your home: remove access to tempting objects
• Offer plenty of toys and chew options
• Stick to a feeding schedule with a balanced diet
• Spend time training and playing with your dog daily
• Keep a routine to minimize anxiety

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Pica in dogs can be frustrating, concerning, and even dangerous. But with a combination of medical care, behavioral changes, and plenty of love and patience, your dog can learn healthier habits. Stay alert, stay proactive, and never hesitate to reach out to a vet or professional trainer if you need help.

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