Heart Disease in Dogs: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment Options

Published on October 9 by Olivia

Heart disease in dogs is a serious and common health issue, particularly among older dogs, although younger dogs can also be affected. Just like humans, dogs can suffer from various forms of heart disease that impact their ability to live healthy, active lives. Early detection and treatment are key to managing the condition and improving your dog’s quality of life.

In this article, we’ll discuss the different types of heart disease in dogs, the symptoms to watch for, and the treatment options available to help your dog live a long and happy life.

What Is Heart Disease in Dogs?

Heart disease in dogs refers to a variety of conditions that affect the heart's structure or function, ultimately reducing its ability to pump blood effectively. It can be a congenital issue (present at birth) or an acquired condition that develops later in life. Depending on the type and severity, heart disease may affect your dog’s overall health and longevity.

Heart disease can progress into heart failure, where the heart can no longer meet the body’s needs for oxygenated blood.

Types of Heart Disease in Dogs

There are two primary types of heart disease in dogs: valvular heart disease and myocardial disease. Each has its own causes and effects on the heart.

1. Valvular Heart Disease (VHD)

Valvular heart disease is the most common form of heart disease in dogs, particularly in small breeds. It occurs when the valves in the heart, particularly the mitral valve, degenerate and no longer close properly, leading to backflow of blood into the heart (mitral valve insufficiency). Over time, this causes the heart to enlarge and struggle to function efficiently.

• Breeds Prone to VHD: Small breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and Miniature Poodles are at higher risk.
• Common Age Group: Middle-aged to senior dogs.

2. Myocardial Disease

Myocardial disease affects the heart muscle itself, making it weak and less efficient at pumping blood. One of the most common forms of myocardial disease in dogs is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), where the heart's chambers become enlarged and the walls thin out. This condition makes it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively.

• Breeds Prone to DCM: Large and giant breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Boxers, Great Danes, and Irish Wolfhounds are more susceptible.
• Common Age Group: Typically affects middle-aged and older dogs but can develop in younger ones as well.

Symptoms of Heart Disease in Dogs

Early symptoms of heart disease in dogs can be subtle and easy to miss, but as the disease progresses, more noticeable signs may appear. The symptoms often depend on the type and stage of the disease.

Common symptoms include:

• Coughing (particularly at night or after exercise)
• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
• Fatigue or weakness (especially during walks or exercise)
• Exercise intolerance (unable to walk or play as long as usual)
• Collapse or fainting
• Swollen abdomen due to fluid buildup (ascites)
• Weight loss
• Restlessness at night
• Decreased appetite
• Pale gums or bluish color in the tongue or gums

If your dog shows any of these symptoms, it's important to consult with a veterinarian immediately.

Diagnosing Heart Disease in Dogs

Veterinarians use a variety of tools and tests to diagnose heart disease in dogs. The process often starts with a physical examination, during which the vet may detect a heart murmur or irregular heartbeat.

Common diagnostic tests include:

• X-rays: To check for an enlarged heart or fluid in the lungs.
• Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart to evaluate its structure and function.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): To assess the electrical activity of the heart.
• Blood tests: To check for any underlying issues affecting the heart or overall health.
• Blood pressure measurement: High blood pressure is often associated with heart disease.

Treatment Options for Heart Disease in Dogs

While there is no cure for heart disease in dogs, early detection and appropriate management can help control the condition, slow its progression, and improve your dog’s quality of life. Treatment plans depend on the type and stage of heart disease but may include a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and monitoring.

1. Medications

Medications are often prescribed to help the heart function more effectively and manage symptoms. Common heart medications include:

• ACE Inhibitors: Help relax blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood. Enalapril and benazepril are common examples.
• Diuretics: Help reduce fluid buildup in the lungs or abdomen (e.g., furosemide).
• Pimobendan: A drug that helps the heart pump more efficiently and is often used in dogs with congestive heart failure.
• Anti-arrhythmic medications: Help regulate abnormal heart rhythms.

2. Dietary Changes

Diet can play a critical role in managing heart disease. Dogs with heart disease often benefit from diets that are:

• Low in sodium: Reduces fluid retention and stress on the heart.
• High in essential fatty acids: Omega-3 supplements can reduce inflammation and improve heart health.
• Adequate in protein: Supports muscle mass, which is often lost in dogs with heart disease.

Veterinary-prescribed heart diets are often recommended for dogs with more advanced heart disease.

3. Exercise and Activity Modification

Dogs with heart disease may still benefit from regular, low-impact exercise to maintain muscle tone and reduce stress. However, strenuous activities should be avoided, especially in later stages of the disease. Consult your veterinarian for guidance on appropriate exercise routines.

4. Monitoring and Follow-Up Care

Regular veterinary checkups are essential for monitoring the progression of heart disease in dogs. Blood tests, x-rays, and echocardiograms may be required at intervals to assess how well your dog is responding to treatment.

Owners can also monitor their dog’s symptoms at home, tracking things like appetite, energy levels, breathing rate, and any coughing or signs of discomfort.

Prevention of Heart Disease in Dogs

While not all forms of heart disease can be prevented, there are steps dog owners can take to reduce the risk:

• Regular Vet Checkups: Annual veterinary visits can help catch heart disease early before it becomes severe.
• Breed Awareness: Know the risks associated with your dog's breed and monitor for early signs of heart disease.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity puts extra strain on the heart, so keeping your dog at a healthy weight can help reduce the risk of heart disease.
• Heartworm Prevention: Heartworm disease, caused by parasitic worms, can lead to serious heart and lung complications. Ensure your dog is on a heartworm preventative.

Heart disease in dogs is a serious but manageable condition if caught early. Knowing the symptoms, understanding the types of heart disease, and seeking appropriate treatment can greatly improve your dog’s quality of life. With regular veterinary care, medication, and lifestyle adjustments, many dogs with heart disease can continue to lead happy, fulfilling lives. If you suspect your dog may have heart disease, consult your veterinarian for diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan.